Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for evaluating their quality, safety, and environmental impact. This article explores the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most critical component of a sanitary pad, responsible for retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials capable of absorbing and retaining large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. SAPs are highly effective but are non-biodegradable.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid absorption. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, these fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and provide a smooth surface.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Films**: These are waterproof and flexible, ensuring that the pad remains leak-proof.
– **Biodegradable Films**: Some manufacturers are now using eco-friendly materials like polylactic acid (PLA) to reduce environmental impact.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to secure the pad to the underwear and to bond the different layers together. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are thermoplastic adhesives that provide strong bonding and flexibility.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives are designed to stick firmly to the underwear without leaving residue.

## 5. Fragrances and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. Common additives include:

– **Aloe Vera**: Known for its soothing properties, aloe vera is sometimes added to the top sheet for extra comfort.
– **Fragrances**: These are used to provide a pleasant scent but should be used cautiously to avoid irritation.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure they function effectively:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is crucial for comfort and leakage prevention.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft and gentle on the skin to prevent irritation.
– **Breathability**: Good air circulation helps reduce moisture buildup and discomfort.
– **Biodegradability**: With increasing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for biodegradable materials that minimize ecological impact.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads play a vital role in their performance, comfort, and environmental impact. By understanding the composition and properties of these materials, consumers can make informed choices that align with their needs and values.